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China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) announced today (February 25) that the Bozhong 19-6 gas field, located in the Bozhong Depression of the Bohai Sea, has achieved a successful test with high-quality and high-yield oil and gas flow, confirming proven geological reserves of natural gas exceeding 100 billion cubic meters. 100 billion cubic meters? For those of you who just quickly counted the zeros in the headline, let me tell you—it’s 100 billion cubic meters! This amount of gas could supply a city with a population of millions for over a century. If brought to the surface, it could fill 15,000 Beijing National Stadiums or more than 100,000 Water Cubes. This is the largest oil and gas discovery in the Bohai Bay Basin in the past 50 years. Bohai Oilfield Gas Development Timeline Finding oil and gas in a "broken plate"? Located in the heart of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Bohai Oilfield is China's second-largest crude oil production base. However, due to its complex geological structure, discoveries over the past 50 years have primarily been oil, with very few gas discoveries. Why is that? The Bohai Oilfield's geological structure is crisscrossed with the Tanlu Fault Zone and its secondary faults, making it as complicated as a "shattered plate that’s been stomped on." This makes natural gas, which tends to escape easily, extremely difficult to locate, let alone discover on a large scale. 4000 meters deep, 200°C, 40 MPa? The world is material, and matter is in motion, and motion follows laws. Since the 11th Five-Year Plan, China has launched a "natural gas battle" in the Bohai Oilfield, with integrated "production, learning, and research" collaborations. Scientists have worked tirelessly to find patterns and clues, uncovering valuable resources. By clarifying the mechanisms behind the "lithology-stress-fluid" trinity control system in ancient metamorphic rocks, they determined that the Archean buried hill traps were the most favorable sites for large-scale gas accumulation. However, these "traps" are 4,000 meters underground, where temperatures reach 200°C and pressures rise to 40 MPa. Drill pipes that seem indestructible become as flimsy as noodles under such extreme conditions. What was the solution? Build roads through mountains, and bridges over water. By establishing an optimized drill bit system based on formation characteristics and conducting hundreds of numerical simulations, researchers determined the optimal drill bit design. This doubled the speed and depth of drilling into the buried hill formations. Additionally, the development of a high-temperature-resistant, solids-free drilling fluid system—an innovation in China—ensured optimal "drilling blood" performance at 210°C, breaking foreign technological monopolies. They also created a big-data-based abnormal pressure drilling decision system, which scans for any clues of abnormal pressure, ensuring operational safety. Moreover, continuous optimization of wellbore structures based on pressure data reduced well diameter, saving materials and operational costs. A series of advanced technologies have allowed natural gas to flow freely to the surface. Good news The pilot area of the Bozhong 19-6 gas field has already commenced construction. The Bozhong region is located just over 100 kilometers from the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area. Once developed, the gas can be fed directly into the existing natural gas pipeline network. In the winter of 2017, the gas shortage in North China left people shivering in cold homes with frigid radiators. The discovery of this massive gas field ensures that the next winter will be warm. All images in the article are from the CCTV News app.