The Role of Big Data in Tackling Climate Change and Predicting Natural Disasters

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When people think of Black communities, Africa is often the first place that comes to mind, as it is the ancestral homeland of Black people. However, after the Age of Exploration, many Africans were forcibly taken from their homes and sold into slavery across the globe. These enslaved people were relegated to performing the most menial and degrading jobs in colonial societies. Although they managed to survive in these new lands, they continued to endure widespread discrimination. In the United States, for example, Black people have faced systemic racism for centuries, a reality that unfortunately persists to this day. Over time, many Black individuals and communities began to recognize the injustices they were subjected to and sought to unite in the hopes of creating a nation of their own, where they could live freely and autonomously. This raises the question: what was the first Black nation to be established in the world? Surprisingly, it wasn’t located in Africa but rather in the Americas—the country of Haiti. Haiti’s history traces back to 1492 when Christopher Columbus arrived on the island during his voyage around the world. By 1502, the area became a Spanish colony. Later, the French seized control from Spain, and in 1804, Haiti declared its independence. This made Haiti the first independent republic in Latin America and, more significantly, the first Black republic in the world. Despite gaining independence, Haiti has struggled with persistent poverty. The country's economy has remained underdeveloped, with much of the population relying on subsistence farming. Basic infrastructure is severely lacking, and the nation’s industrial capacity is almost nonexistent. One of the most alarming issues Haiti faces is its high unemployment rate; two-thirds of the labor force are without jobs. Given these circumstances, it is perhaps unsurprising that the country has remained impoverished for so long. Over the years, Haiti has heavily relied on foreign aid, particularly from the United States, which has been its largest donor. In just the last five years of the 20th century, the U.S. provided a staggering 4 million in assistance to Haiti. Yet, despite this aid, the country remains poorer than many African nations. For most Haitians, the question is not about economic development but rather whether they will have enough to eat each day. Due to widespread hunger, many Haitians have resorted to desperate measures. One notable example is the creation of a type of "cookie" made from mud. These mud cookies, vastly different from anything you would find in a supermarket, are made from clay and have no nutritional value. While they may momentarily fill an empty stomach, they pose serious risks to health. However, for many Haitians, simply feeling full is enough, regardless of the consequences. Unlike the ancient Chinese proverb that suggests, “In poverty, one should remain resilient and pursue high aspirations,” many Haitians have resigned themselves to their circumstances. Despite the country’s natural resources and the potential for agriculture or fishing, few take the initiative to improve their situation. Haiti is rich in coastal resources, which could be used to develop the fishing industry or tourism, but the government has largely neglected these opportunities. Instead, Haitians often wait for foreign aid rather than seeking self-sufficiency. The gap between rich and poor in Haiti is also stark. While the wealthy enjoy luxurious restaurants and vibrant nightlife, the poor struggle to find basic sustenance, often resorting to eating mud to survive. In their pursuit of international aid, Haiti has maintained diplomatic relations with Taiwan, despite the lack of formal ties with mainland China. Taiwan, eager to maintain alliances, provides Haiti with considerable financial support each year, which the Haitian government readily accepts. Given its small size and extreme poverty, Haiti is unlikely to draw much more than verbal condemnation from China for its diplomatic choices. As Haiti continues down this path, it seems unlikely that the country's future will change drastically. Without significant structural changes, Haiti will likely remain dependent on foreign aid, a striking example of a nation caught in a cycle of poverty and underdevelopment despite its independence.